Early Childhood Services Norway Essay

Government goal – â€Å"all children whose parents wish it should have a place in a barnehage, full-time or part-time. † (OECD, 1999:12) â€Å"All municipalities must offer an ECEC place to all parents †¦ who want to enrol their child. As yet, corresponding legislation has not been drafted to give a legal right to all parents to a place for their child. † (OECD, 2006: 399) Two separate traditions brought together in Barnehage – * Educationally focused barnehage (19th century – Froebel) * Daghem – (translates as day home) Precursor was barneasyl (children’s asylum 1837) – more social , focused on poor families. Norways approach to Early Childhood Care and Education Barnehage – viewed as having â€Å"an integrated care and educational role† †¦ â€Å"care and learning are seen as inseparable activities. † (OECD, 199: 12) Provision grew slowly – 1970’s increase in service (1970 attendance – 5% of 3/4 yrs olds to 1990’s – attendance rates for 1 – 5 yr olds = 47-60% and increase since then) Very few children under 12mths in barnehage (well developed parental leave system) Barnehage – vary in terms of ownership, management, and funding. 47% – public, owned and managed by local authorities (kommune). Remainder are private – owned and managed in a variety of ways (parent groups, non-profit organisations). All receive state subsidy – all parents make payments – all local authorities subsidise public barnehager that they own and manage. Local authorities vary re policy subsidising private barnehager. Consequence – 3 types of barnehage in relation to funding (public, private – receive local authority funding & private – who do not receive local authority funding). Variations in public funding – parental fees higher in private barnehage – (except those who fall under the local authority funding). Variations in parental fees in local authority barnehage – some cases fees the same for all families. Norwegian System – 4 other types of provision; 1. ‘open kindergarten’ – children attend with parent/carer. 2. Family Day care divided into two groups – Private (a) offer totally private service; 3. Family day carers (b) networks (familiebarnehager) – can be public/private managed & supervised by one trained pre-school teacher per 30 children. 4. SFO – care and recreation for school aged children (6yrs was 7yrs) outside school hours. School in first 4 grades – from 6 yrs = 20 hours per week – child spends rest of time in SFO. SFO – may be located at school, or separate accommodation. Attendance rates vary. Education system overall dominated by groups care in a particular type of centre. Staff in Barnehager 3 types of staff†¦ 1. Styrere (leader) – management. 2. Pedagogiske (trained teacher). 3. Assistents . Remaining staff†¦ * Bilingual assistants (ethnic minority groups) * Other teaching staff (special needs) * Other persons (chefs/cleaners) All styrere & pedagogiske – have to have qualified as ECEC teacher (both types of staff have the same training). Training in ECEC Norway  3 years full time study – possible to do 4 year distance learning training (mature students with some experience avail of this). In service training available. Admission to pre-school training – 3 year study in general subjects at upper secondary. No special requirements for assistents (recently introduction of 2 years of school and 2 years in workplace = can choose health & social care /child & youth workers option to cover work in the barnehager, SFO, clubs and other services. Salaries – depends on training & position. (OECD,1999: 16) Most staff in barnehager are female. Men 8% of all staff direct contact with children. (OECD 2006) Emphasis on men in childcare – two main motives: 1. gender equality 2. right of children to meet both men and women. Male workers seen as important to boys. Childhood institutionalised (role models mainly women – concern from Norwegian Government) (Research into this needed †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ) Children with diverse needs (OECD 2006) Children with disabilities: Children with disabilities have a priority right to services provided it is deemed by an expert that the child will be able to benefit from attending the day care institution. Children from low-income families: The child poverty rate in Norway is 3. 4% after taxes and transfers, compared to the OECD average of 11. 2%. The barnehage is considered to play an important role in terms of preventive child welfare. Children living in at-risk circumstances, places are fully funded by municipalities. Supports are provided also to enable barnehager accommodate children with disabilities, children from low-income families and bilingual children. Ethnic and bilingual children: An indigenous ethnic group, the Sami, constitute 1. 7% of the Norwegian population. Sami language kindergartens are funded generously whenever there is a concentration of Sami families. Curriculum and pedagogy: The first national curriculum plan, called a Framework Plan, came into force in 1996. The curriculum, which must be used by all barnehager, is based on the Nordic tradition of combining education and care. A Sami supplement is integrated in the plan. All barnehager, including familiebarnehager and open barnehager, must base their annual plans on this Framework, which is the National Curriculum. The Framework Plan emphasises that both local cultural values and the national cultural heritage, as reflected in the childhood environment, must be represented in the activity of the barnehage (Background Report for Norway, 1999). A revised Framework Plan enters into force on 1st August 2006. The main principles are the same, with the new Kindergarten Act giving children a legal right to participate in all questions concerning their daily lives in ECEC. The Norwegian Child (OECD, 1999:21) â€Å"strong idea of how the Norwegian child should be and what it means to live a good childhood† (OECD, 1999:21). â€Å"Important to protect childhood from too much adult control† (OECD, 1999:21). â€Å"Adults should not take childhood away from children, but bring it back to them. † (OECDm 1999:21) Value of childhood & children seen as a social group within society.

Where to Find California Bar Essay Samples

Where to Find California Bar Essay Samples The usage of NFL jerseys is quite common. With personalized jerseys of the NFL, you're sure that you've got the ideal design. Locating a cheap NFL jersey has been a daunting undertaking for a number of the hardcore fans in spite of the team they support for. Accordingly, by reading and studying past exams you will raise your likelihood of seeing something similar on the authentic bar exam. The scaling for any individual Bar Exam won't ever be released and varies dependent on the test so we'll never understand what percentage is going to be asked to pass. The bar exam isn't all that different. Thus, you take your very first practice exam on evidence. Presently, the Multistate Essay Exam tests each of the MBE subjects, listed above, plus a range of non-MBE subjects. Many examinees think whether a subject was tested on a single essay it is not going to be tested again during the exam! Most examinees appear to understand the value of doing practice MBEs. Frequently examinees fail since they delay the true study of the exam. Each essay question is intended to be answered in 1 hour and the PT was made to be completed in 90 minutes. The first time that I took it, I didn't take it quite serious. Told H There's no place here for you. The California Bar Essay Samples Trap The bar examiners are not searching for your capacity to regurgitate rule statements. The library stipulates the law which is going to be utilized to address the issue. When you review every one of your answers, keep an eye on your mistakes. These model answers are fantastic examples (especially if they're student answers) of what the graders are interested i n. The Appeal of California Bar Essay Samples Frequently a sample will be given. So today we focus on how best to approach the essay part of the bar exam. If you do really well on a single section, you're virtually sure to pass. At this time you compare your answer with the sample answer supplied by the bar. The Essay Master Course offers the best tools available to assist students PASS the essay part of the California Bar Exam. Applicants should plan to get there a minimum of 20 minutes early to find their assigned sections or rooms. They admitted to the Attorneys' Examination are not permitted to take the MBE. The aim is that the issues and rules will grow more familiar, and you are going to be in a position to set them up more quickly. What's more, besides the countless papers on distinct subjects, you may have a number of other responsibilities which require significant attention. Yes, it's important to be aware of the rules. Reciting the rules was the logical results of an established matter. The Battle Over California Bar Essay Samples and How to Win It These points are made to help you prepare for essay style examinations. This $239 value is completely freewith the essay training course. There are particular common factors that signal the caliber and value of the essays . That means you should still have some full essays beneath your belt for each subject, before you get started cooking them, as there are subtle differences in the approach. If you wish to try it closed book, which will help you remember the rules better as you'll be fighting to recall them. It's quite easy to use along with self explanatory. Ideas, Formulas and Shortcuts for California Bar Essay Samples Ensure you realize the question and are clear of what you are being requested to do. If you locate your own work challenging to get through, then that's an indication which you will want to clean up your act. Naturally, each of the principal issues and many sub-issues were therevery important. To start with, by waiting until you've got the law memorized you don't observe the context for the law you're trying to learn and you understand less. On occasion, once an abortion isn't done correctly, the kid might actually live and could be born with very considerable health defects t hat would stop the child from leading a normal life. After the mother's or child's life is in danger. A youngster needs certain conditions as a way to live. This child wouldn't be in a position to lead a normal life. This isn't an excellent plan. In the event you haven't noticed, I'm a huge proponent of learning from the true test. I don't believe you can postpone it. Each performance test includes two packets.

Bridge on the River Kwai - 1509 Words

Bridge On The River Kwai. The film deals with the situation of British and American prisoners of war, who were captured by the Japanese during World War II and were forced to build a bridge over the river Kwai, in order to accommodate Japanese Burma-Siam railway. At first the prisoners were planning to sabotage the construction of the bridge, and to not finish the construction at the scheduled date. Because of that decision, the Japanese were forcing British officers to be working along the ordinary soldiers. The head of the prisoners was Colonel Nicholson and he was the person, who fought for the soldiers’ rights and managed to save the officers from working, for the price of sitting in the â€Å"oven†, a closed room made of pieces of steel†¦show more content†¦Colonel Nicholson, a Commander who betrayed his own people, for his own good, was never actually a person, instead there was Commander Toosey, who on the other hand was trying to delay the bridge’s construction for as lon g as possible and never betrayed his men. The destruction of the bridge at the end of the film is also entirely fictional, there was no such thing, but actually there were two bridges built, wooden and steel. The wooden one was destroyed by American air bombings and the steel one is still in use today, slightly renovated of course. There were quite a few directors for the movie, including: John Ford, William Wyler, Howard Hawks, Fred Zinnemann and Orson Welles, each of them being in charge of different roles. The movie was filmed in Sri- Lanka; most of the explosions were filmed in the deserted Kitulgala area, to make sure that no one will be harmed. The cast for the movie is: William Holden as US Navy Commander/Seaman Shears, Alec Guinness as Lieutenant Colonel Nicholson, Jack Hawkins as Major Warden, Sessue Hayakawa as Colonel Saito, James Donald as Major Clipton, Geoffrey Horne as Lieutenant Joyce, Andrà © Morell as Colonel Green, Peter Williams as Captain Reeves, John Boxer as Major Hughes, Percy Herbert as Private Grogan, Harold Goodwin as Private Baker, Ann Sears as Nurse. The film is made from the perspective ofShow MoreRelatedThe Bridge on the River Kwai500 Words   |  2 Pages1950’s film analysis is The Bridge on the River Kwai. Directed by David Lean, The Bridge on the River Kwai follows a battalion of British soldiers who find themselves trapped in a Japanese POW camp during WWII in 1943. The British soldieries are led by Colonel Nicholson (Alec Guinness) who is ordered by the commandant of the POW camp, Colonel Saito (Sessue Hayakawa), to build a railroad bridge over the Burmese river Kwai. Colonel Nicholson refuses to help build the bridge based on the fact that theRead MoreThe Movie The Bridge On The River Kwai 1750 Words   |  7 Pagesthis scene of the movie unfolds, it becomes clear the situation is not one where those people inhabit it by choice. This is the opening sequence of the film The Bridge on the River Kwai, filmed in 1957. (Lean, 1957) The film focuses on the story of prisoners of war during World War II who are ordered to build a bridge over the river Kwai in the jungles of Thailand and the trials of two very different leaders who must confront each other about this goal. Each of these two leaders, Colonel Saito andRead MoreThe Theme Of Pierre Boulles Bridge Over The River Kwai713 Words   |  3 PagesIn Pierre Boulle’s Bridge Over the River Kwai, there are many obstacles the British prisoners face. The main one being having to follow the orders of their Japanese captors to build a bridge. With the help of Colonel Nicholson, the British end up taking over the camp and building the bridge by their own standards. At the same time, an American trio of soldiers are planning on destroying the bridge. Colonel Nicholson ends up saving the bridge from any destruction that cannot be easily fixed, but atRead MorePlanet of the Apes Essay examples1838 Words   |  8 PagesFrench Indochina. In 1943 he was captured by the Vichy France loyalists on the Mekong River. While a prisoner, he was subjected to severe hardship and forced labor. Pierre Boulle would settle in a hotel in the Quartier Latin in Paris, then at his sister’s, recently widowed, to begin his career as a novelist. The novels he wrote were a mixture of both his experiences and his imagination. The Bridge over the River Kwai and The Planet of the Apes. Pierre Boulle wrote The Shimmering Universe when he wasRead More How the Red Scare Created a Hollywood Blacklist Essay930 Words   |  4 Pagescommunists. Because of this, they were unable to obtain work in the American film and television industry for many years. Some of those blacklisted continued to write Hollywood films, using false names. This allowed movies such as The Bridge on the River Kwai to be completed. Several screenwriters moved to other countries, where they were able to find work in film. Most estimates indicate that the blacklist involved approximately three hundred and twenty-five employees in film and related industriesRead MoreU.S.s Influence on British Cinema Culture Between 1930 and 1980826 Words   |  4 Pagesthings began to pick up again for the British film industry as America began to invest in more and more films meaning that the storylines were partly American and partly British which appealed to both countries. Films such as Bridge on the River Kwai are an example of this. The fifties also saw the growth of television and as a result of it, family cinema trips were not as common as they had been before. More specific audiences emerged which the film industry now had toRead MoreFilm/Viewer Interaction in Apocalypse Now Essay1541 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The horror... the horror...†- Colonel Kurtz are the last lines of Apocalypse Now, the Francis Ford Coppola directed war-film masterpiece, which truly explores horror. Typical war films, like Kubrick’s Full Metal Jacket or Boulle’s The Bridge on the River Kwai, follow the camaraderie of a protagonist and his unit and their struggles that build up to a violent and climactic confrontation where both sides sustain losses to illustrate the tragedy of war. Apocalypse Now is different; there are onlyRead MoreMidterm 2 Essays James Pham1829 Words   |  8 PagesA film, The Blackboard Jungle, introduced the rock music for the teenagers to rapidly adopt this exciting new kind of music in mid-late 1950’s. The birth of the blockbuster occurred in 1956. In films Around the World in 80 days and The Bridge on the River Kwai were both seen with the application of popular melodies, that is, walz tune and a British march. Adolph Deutsch employs traditional symphonic scoring in the film Something like it Hot. He liberal ly integrates popular music to underscoreRead MoreJapanese Occupation Affect Nationalism in Indonesia2478 Words   |  10 PagesPraptowidjojo, who were forced to slave on the Burma railway. Originally from Surakarta, he had been a railway worker in Surabaya before being sent to Singapore and then on to Thailand to work on the railway, where he witnessed the destruction of the bridge on River Kwai. He and his fellow Javanese worker saw those around them dying initially at the rate of three a day, den five, then ten. Even though Savramn survived, he joining the thousands who did not return to Java after the war, preferring to marry andRead MoreA Comparison of the Representation of the Future of The Matrix and Planet of the Apes3441 Words   |  14 Pageshowever contrasts between the two. POTA is distinctly pessimistic, a far cry from the original Pierre Boulle novel named ‘Monkey Planet’ (also famous for writing the novel ‘The Bridge On The River Kwai’). Instead, screenwriters Michael Wilson (credited for the highly ironic ‘The Bridge On The River Kwai’, as well as ‘Lawrence Of Arabia’ and unaccredited for ‘It’s A Wonderful Life’ amongst others) and Rod Serling created that famous, original ending that has a slight irony and

Classical Vs Keynesian Economics - 1235 Words

Classical and Keynesian economics are both accepted schools of thought in economics, but each had a different approach to defining economics. The Classical economic theory was developed by Adam Smith while Keynesian theory was developed by John Maynard Keynes. Similarities: One of the most surprising similarities between the two theories is that John Keynes developed his theory based on the Adam Smith’s theory. Keynes did not entirely disagree with Adam Smith but rather, expanded the theory based on the Great Depression. They were both capitalists and agreed on the basic tenet of capitalism- that a free market is more efficient in terms of allocating resources. Keynes, based on the Great Depression, addressed issues related to repairing†¦show more content†¦The Keynesian Economic theory relies on spending and aggregate demand to define the economic marketplace. Keynesians believe that aggregate demand is often influenced but public and private decisions. This theory stresses that unemployment is caused by the insufficient growth and low growth of aggregate demand. Keynes urged that the economy can be below full capacity for a considerable time without intervention and, hence, the market is not fully efficient as described by the Adam Smith. 2. Aggregate supply and aggregate demand The classical view suggests that real GDP is determined by supply side factors, that is the level of investment, capital, and productivity. This suggests that, in the long-term, an increase in aggregate demand resulting from faster growth in Long-run Aggregate Supply (LRAS) would cause inflation. Thus, the Long-run Aggregate Supply (LRAS) curve is inelastic. The theory also suggests that, in the short term, the economy will be able to reduce unemployment below the natural rate by increasing demand, but, in the long run, the wages adjust, unemployment returns to its natural rate and, consequently, inflation ensues. There is no trade-off in the long run. The Keynesian views the Long-run Aggregate Supply (LRAS) differently, purporting that an economy can be below full capacity in the long-run. This theory, on the other hand, places greaterShow MoreRelatedKayne vs Hayek1370 Words   |  6 PagesChanya Udomphorn ID# 5380040 Macroeconomics Mr. Rattakarn Komonrat Keynes vs. Hayek Macroeconomics is a branch of economics dealing with the performance, structure, behavior, and decision-making of the whole economy. Macroeconomists study aggregated indicators such as GDP, unemployment rates, and price indices to understand how the whole economy functions. They develop models that explain the relationship between such factors as national income, output, consumption, unemployment, inflationRead MoreTax the Rich Essay969 Words   |  4 Pagesa recession still). The Classical economics theory is based on the premise that free markets can regulate themselves if left alone, free of any human intervention (http://www.buzzle.com/articles/classical-economics-vs-keynesian-economics.html). I think that if free markets just regulated themselves and the governement couldnt do anything then things could get out of control. The government should have some restriction on what a state can or cannot.Keynesian Economics describes Inflexible Prices:Read MoreEssay on John Maynard Keynes Versus Friederich A. Hayek603 Words   |  3 PagesTwo major economic thinkers of the of the early twentieth century, John Maynard Keynes and Friedrich A. Hayek, hold very different economic viewpoints. Keynes is among the most famous economic philosophers. Keynes, whos theories gained a reputation during the Great Depression in the 1930s, focused mainly on an economys bust. It is where the economy declines and finally bottoms-out, that Keynesian economics believes the answers lie for its eventual recovery. On the other hand, Hayek believed thatRead MoreEssay about Divisions of The Field of Economics1407 Words   |  6 PagesEconomics is the science that permits you to assess your companys po sition in the business cycle as needed. Economics works hand-in-hand with corporate strategy. While strategy addresses the â€Å"how† and â€Å"why† of business decision-making, macroeconomics tries to pinpoint the â€Å"when† of strategic decisions. As a member of the management team in a growing business part of your responsibilities will be to analyze economic conditions and predict recessions and recoveries based on the business cycle. IfRead MoreClassical Vs. Keynesian Models Essay922 Words   |  4 PagesClassical vs Keynesian models Two economic models of thought are classical and Keynesian models. Each model takes a diverse approach to the economic education of financial policy, buyer behavior, and government spending. The classical model, which traces its origins to the 1770s, was the first systematic attempt to explain the determinants of the price level and the national levels of real GDP, employment, consumption, savings, and investments. Classical economist Adam Smith and others assumed thatRead MoreMonetary Vs. Fiscal Policy1012 Words   |  5 PagesMonetary Vs. Fiscal Policy, Which is best? There are two separate ways that the economy can be regulated; the two options are fiscal and monetary policy. Both of these policies main goal is to get the economy to be in economic equilibrium. Economic Equilibrium is a condition or state in which economic forces are completely balanced and allows for optimal use of the economy. Then we are faced with the question of if the economy in in an inflationary gap or a recessionary gap. This paper is goingRead MoreThe Classical Model Of Economics1431 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough recessions and expansions but fix itself. Recessions are periods in the economy in which unemployment goes up, while profits and spending goes down; a slowdown of the economy. An expansion is essentially the exact opposite. The classical model of economics states that the economy will continue to go through these fluctuations over time and will fix itself with no help, thus not needing a government to give influence. Eventually, however, The Great Depression happened, and there was no endRead MoreTaxes And The Economy : Maximizing Economic Growth2213 Words   |  9 Pages Taxes and the Economy - Maximizing Economic Growth Today the subject of taxes and economic growth has become a politically heated debate in the press, congress, and advocacy groups. These debates are created in part because there are many different theories about what drives economic growth. Groups often refer to the Neo-classical, supply-side factors, others the Keynesian demand-side factors, and still others refer to a mixture of the two or something completely their own. Arguing over a currentRead MoreIndustrial Action And Why People Go On Strike3000 Words   |  12 Pagesminimum wages, maximum working hours which of course also led to higher risk of uprisings. Dundon and Rollinson (2011) speaks about four reasons for strikes activity. The first one is economic reasons, it can be that employees think they don’t get enough pay. It is shown that this is often connected to economic cycles, where growth lasts for 20-30 years and then a period of the same length of stagnation, in the beginning of the stagnation phase, the workers still have high hopes at the same timeRead MoreEconomics12898 Words   |  52 PagesECONOMICS CHAPTER 1 ECONOMIC WAY OF THINKING SCARE RESOURCES WEALTH OF THE NATIONS ECONOMICS: ADAM SMITH STAR CITY Scarcity Scarcity is the basic and central economic problem confronting every society. It is the heart of the study of economics and the reason behind its establishment. Authors have defined scarcity in various way some if which are complexly stated. One author defines scarcity as a commodity or service being in short supply, relatives to its demand (Kapur

Theories of Aging Free Essays

Theories of aging The disengagement and the activity theory were the two major theories that outlined successful aging in the early 1960s. The disengagement theory was created by Cumming and Henry and the activity theory was developed by Robert J. Havighurst both in 1961 however these theory’s are very different. We will write a custom essay sample on Theories of Aging or any similar topic only for you Order Now The disengagement theory of aging states that people are more likely to withdraw from life as they get older because of their decrease in physical, intellectual, emotional and social skills and their abilities to do certain things, their interests and expectations of how they should behave lower. It suggests that they willingly retire from work, relationships and disengage from roles, preferring to follow an inactive life and freely give up their traditional, normal ways of behaving, becoming less and less friendly and companionable and sometimes hostile in their interactions. The theory claims that it is natural and acceptable for older adults to withdraw from society as they go through changes that will change their life, Retirement is an expected life event in everyone’s life and can effect the elderly very badly as they may not go out anymore or interact with anyone this will lower their social skills and could make them feel as though they don’t have anyone to talk to making them feel depressed and lonely, disengaging could lead to the individual developing dementia, depression or any other mental conditions. The Elderly may disengage because of their physical state they may be unable to get out of the house and meet people because of disability or mental condition, they could also be unhappy with the way they look as their appearance will change they may become more wrinkly and get grey hair making them feel older this could lower their self esteem The activity theory argues that older people need to stay mentally and socially active in order to limit the risk associated with disengagement and doing this will make the aging process delay and the quality of life will be enhanced, when old people remain socially active and keep busy with a full round of daily activities and preserve a positive attitude to life they will feel younger and more able. The activity theory is beneficial for your health and happiness as keeping active will keep you fit and staying social with people that make u happy will boost your mood, this is good for the older generation as they can become distant and this can make them fell lonely and depressed. They should do what best suits their age, things that are calming and not to active and maintaining their joy until death. However, as people become older, events such as retirement and bereavement lower their social life loosing a husband or wife who might have been the only social companion they have would lower their social skills so they might have to find new friends or join a club to keep their social life active. Older people should have roles and be occupied in order to maintain their physical, intellectual, emotional and social skills this will improve their quality of life. As they are older their physical development may decrease their chances of having an active lifestyle, things such as walking or moving could be a struggle for many old people making it hard for them to be successful in the activity theory, an example of an activity that could benefit older people with this theory is going to day centres this could help them because they will be doing other activities in the centre that could keep them active things such as fitness, day centres also help the elderly with their social skills as they would be meeting new people and communicating more, as they will be doing new activities within the centre things such as bingo, sudoku or quizzes this will widen their intellectual skills. In the day centre they may feel that because of their struggle to do certain activities that other people can do that they will feel different or be segregated from other people making their self esteem drop but on the other hand the other elderly people at the centre a re their for the same reasons. How to cite Theories of Aging, Essay examples Theories of Aging Free Essays For this part of the assignment I am going to be describing two theories of ageing. Firstly I will be describing the Disengagement theory and then the Activity theory. I will then be comparing the similarities and differences between the two, and also writing up two case studies of older people and explain the development that occurs in older life, relating back to the theories I will have discussed. We will write a custom essay sample on Theories of Aging or any similar topic only for you Order Now Firstly the theory of Social Disengagement, disengagement means a person’s withdrawal from involvement with anything. The theory was first put forward by two authors Cumming and Henry in 1961 who believed that it was natural for the elderly to withdraw from social involvement with others, due to having restricted opportunities to interact with other people. There are many issues that limit social interaction which results in disengagement. Some of these may be things like retirement, ill health, mobility, travel or technology. The theory of disengagement was widely accepted as other theorists such as Bromley (1974) agreed with the theory arguing that â€Å"although some individuals fight the process all the way, disengagement of some sort is bound to come, simply because old people have neither the physical not the mental resources they had when they were young. † Secondly the Activity theory, this theory argues that older people need to stay mentally and socially active to limit the risks of disengagement. Being active in older life can help people to overcome many of the problems and issues they will have to endure throughout the older lifestage. Being active can include taking part in sports and activities, joining clubs and groups to go on trips, outings, holidays and even simple things like continuing with hobbies such as gardening or walking the dog. Being active is very important for many reasons when a person is in the later years of life. It is believed that it’s not enough to simple provide facilities for older people they must be educated to make use of them and encouraged to abandon fixed habits. The main argument for the activity theory is that disengagement can ultimately result in loss of physical and mental skills due to lack of practice. My first case study is of a man named Howard Lane, he died aged 75 years old and had been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s 9 years earlier. Over the 9 years his condition seriously deteriorated. Howard had had a very active life with various jobs such as a Clerk of Works at Par Docks, a mental nurse and other physically demanding roles. He had been married for 52 years and had two grown up children, a daughter Jennie who had two children and a son Richard who had four children. Howard was a very involved grandparent throughout the whole of his grandchildren’s lives until his condition deteriorated so badly he couldn’t even tell who they were anymore. As Howard reached retirement he remained a very engaged active person despite the label he was now given as being ‘old. ’ He very much fitted the role within the activity theory, regularly exercising, seeing his family, keeping in contact with them in a number of ways. He and his wife had a particular passion for ballroom dancing†¦ they had won competitions! He had a very healthy appetite, and had never smoked or drank at all throughout his life. Although Howard had always been healthy and had no previous health issues and had stayed active throughout his final lifestage he still developed the disease Alzheimer’s. As the illness progressed Howard gradually changed as a person. He became forgetful, got confused easily, and as he began to seriously deteriorate he became violent at times, physically incapable of doing things for himself, he would forget things that had happened and who people were. Further into his illness Howard became more and more disengaged. His whole life had changed due to the process of ageing along with the unfortunate illness he had. Not only had the disengagement affected Howard as a person it was also affecting a lot around him. Firstly the most obvious effect it was having was on Howard’s family. They began to be constantly worry about him therefore would be constantly in contact asking him if he was ok. It also put a large amount of stress on his wife Vera, and because she was in her older age as well she found it very hard to deal with the stress she was under. By the time Howard was the age of 71 Vera had no other option but to put Howard in a nursing home so he could receive the care that he needed. Due to Howard’s illness Vera had now become disengaged, she had spent all of her time looking after her husband, worrying about him and visiting him constantly. Another major factor that affected Vera’s stress was the fees she had to pay at the nursing home. She was very worried about the scale of the costs and was worried about having to sell her home. She had gradually lost contact with her friends and had no time for any personal hobbies or even time to properly look after herself and because of this Vera had become stressed and run down and was finding caring for Howard very hard to cope with. Her biggest worry and fear constantly being how she would cope with it if Howard died. Bereavement is usually hard to cope with for the elderly especially disengaged people, they are likely to feel more isolated and alone and this is what Vera was frightened of. In actual fact Vera died suddenly in December 2003, shortly followed by Howard June 2004. By this time Howard had no understanding of anyone around him as he had little response to anything, therefore he did not grieve for his wife as he didn’t even understand that she was gone. Their family described it as a blessing because in this way Vera never had to cope with the bereavement of losing her partner and neither did he. Overall retirement did have a positive effect on Vera and Howard to begin with. They had more freedom to be active, pursue their hobbies, spend time together, and with their loved ones. However old age brought ill health which caused Vera and Howard to disengage and become isolated from others which continued to bring ill health and stress. My second case study is about a woman named Ruth Cohen. Ruth Cohen is an 84 year old woman, she had previously been a teacher for nearly 40 years. Ruth has one son of 60 who has two daughters Lisa and Issie, Lisa has a son of 17. Ruth is a very old woman and has a number of health problems including arthritis, high blood pressure, and sight and hearing problems. However Ruth has lead a very healthy and active retirement. Since Ruth has retired she has done voluntary work for a number of charities and her local church as she is a very religious woman. Even in her late 70’s Ruth attends church every Sunday and helped to run the local Sunday school. She regularly met her friends from church to go out for tea. She tries to visit her children and grandchild as much as she can however due to her eyesight she cannot drive anymore so her only way of seeing them is to get the bus. In her old age, Ruth despite still being so active has become quite frail and is frightened easily therefore tries to avoid going to places with people she doesn’t know, she tends to stay in her own village, go to the same shops and see the same people every day. Ruth was married for 60 years to James, unfortunately 14 years ago James passed away due to a heart attack. Ruth obviously had a hard time with the loss of her husband of 60 years however because of the lifestyle Ruth led she managed to carry on with her life and avoided becoming disengaged and easily accepted the support and help of ther whereas a lot of people cannot do so so easily. Because of Ruth’s personality and the way she was her family didn’t feel like they had to constantly worry about her and they knew she would be getting on fine without their constant care. However Ruth is getting rather old now so they do visit more frequently and her granddaughter Issie bought her a dog to keep her compan y and occupied. As Ruth entered her 80’s the physical ageing process could no longer be avoided and began to take over her life. She became very weak and could only walk with a Zimmer frame, she became increasingly isolated in her home due to mobility issues and although people did visit she began to feel lonely and depressed. This case study is perfect evidence of the disengagement theory. Although Ruth remained active and dealt with the bereavement she endured and her health issues it was inevitable that age caught up on her, she lead a fulfilling retirement and kept up all of her routines and hobbies as long as she physically could but eventually her mobility limited her life and effected her emotionally as well as physically. How to cite Theories of Aging, Papers

Social Etiquette and Personality Development †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Social Etiquette and Personality Development Management. Answer: Introduction: The above-mentioned test result highlights the four qualities, namely extravert, sensing, feeling and judging. The four personality attributes that are enough to judge the personality of any human being, consists of the ESFJ. According to the given test result, I am 66% extrovert, with 1% of sensing, having 38% feeling and 62% judging ability. This highlights that I am extrovert in nature and like socialising with people. I find myself comfortable in social groups and never leave myself alone and isolated. Moreover, I prefer mixing with lot of people and make new friends. Moreover, I prefer to go out in a social function, rather than spending my leisure in isolation. Rather than reading a book all alone and spending the leisure time, I prefer to go outside. Thus, the personality test has rightly judged that I have distinct preference for extraversion over introversion. However, since at times, I also enjoy spending my time all by myself, in pursuing my hobbies; hence the percentage o f extraversion did not exceed 66%. According to the test result, I do not prefer sensing to intuition. This highlights the fact that I follow my intuition while taking various decisions management. However, this is not always correct, since I often use my judgemental power and rational thinking, rather than perceiving and relying on my intuition. Thus, using sensing or intuition depends on the situations that are faced. Thus, though I rely on my intuition more than my sensing, yet the result is not exactly correct. The test result highlights the fact that I have moderate preference of feeling, over thinking. This highlights the facts that I tend to follow the path of thinking, rather than going with the feeling. In any critical situation, the path I will follow, depends largely on the situation itself. Whether the path of thinking or feeling is followed, depends mainly on the critical situation that is faced. However, most of the time, preference is given to thinking, rather than the feeling. Hence, the result of the analysis is correct and justified. The result of the test highlights that I have high preference of judging, over perceiving. Thus, in any given situation I take the path of judgement over perceiving. Judgemental analysis is usually correct and helps in taking the actual decision, rather than perceiving. Thus, my overall tendency towards using my judgement rather than perceiving is correctly highlighted in the MBIT test. Thus, the results obtained from the test are correct and agreed upon by me. The overall analysis of the test result is correct and matches with my personality. Critique of the MBTI test The MBTI assessment is one of the best personality tests that are available. It is one of the most trusted personality assessment tools available (Salgado Turiz, 2014). While developing this test, the developers, Briggs and Myers highlighted four personality traits and its contrasts namely Extraversion and introversion, sensing and intuition, thinking and feeling, judging and perceiving (Diekmann Knig, 2015). The qualities and its contrasts are described in details: These two qualities in human beings distinguish among those who direct their energy towards the outside world, towards other people, from the people who direct their primary energy towards their inner experience and self-development (Prather Bates, 2015). These two qualities are effective in distinguishing between these two categories of people. These two contrasting personality tests are effective in distinguishing people who take information through the five senses and their own experience, from those people who prefer taking information through impressions and rely more on possibilities (Salgado Turiz, 2014). Thus, these qualities are essential part of the personality test. These qualities distinguish people who take decisions based on logic and objectivity from people who take decisions based on personal values (Tananchai, 2017). These two personality types are essential qualities in understanding the personality of various kinds of people. Judging and Perceiving These essential human qualities differentiate between who prefer planning and strict structure management, from the kind of people who are flexible and have open options (Wang, 2015). The test is reliable and widely used in various schools, universities, offices as well as by psychologists. Since the test results are more or less accurate, hence people rely on the MBTI test. Experts opine that the MBTI test is the most effective personality assessment test, having high reliability and validity (Wang, 2015). Since the results obtained are genuine, hence it is widely used. Many school counsellors also use this personality test, in order to determine the personality of the students and guide then to pursue a particular career option. Moreover, this test is taken up by the candidates in order to determine the leadership qualities in them. An ideal leader has certain leadership traits and hence similar traits highlight a prospective leader. Thus, most of the counsellors and teachers rely on the validity and reliability the MBTI test results. Alternatives to the MBTI test include the Big five personality test (Rice, 2015). However, the popularity and the reliability of the MBTI test is much more important and prominent, thus making it a popularly used personality test (Salgado Turiz, 2014). The other personality tests are not suitable enough to be an effective replacement. However, the other tests could be used as alternatives. Thus, the MBTI test is an effective one and the test highlights the personality of a person effectively. However, if the person taking the test fills in the answers randomly, without the actual and accurate response, then the test fails to analyse the personality of the person and gives a false result that cannot be relied upon. Hence, in order to ensure that the test and its results are genuine and determine the actual personality of the person taking the test, it is essential that the responses are filled in genuinely and are not random. References Diekmann, J., Knig, C. J. (2015). PERSONALITY Testing In PERSONNEL Selection.Employee recruitment, selection, and assessment: Contemporary issues for theory and practice, 117. Prather, Z., Bates, J. (2015). Personality Types and Physical Touch.Undergraduate Research Journal for the Human Sciences,14(1). Rice, J. W. (2015).Using Myers-Briggs Personality Type Indicators to Predict High School Student Performance in an Educational Video Game. University of North Texas. Salgado, J. F., Turiz, G. (2014). The Five-Factor Model, forced-choice personality inventories and performance: A comprehensive meta-analysis of academic and occupational validity studies.European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology,23(1), 3-30. Tananchai, A. (2017). The Personality of Students Studying the Social Etiquette and Personality Development Course by Myers Briggs Type Indicators (MBTI) Theory.AJE,3(2). Wang, C. Y. (2015). Preference measures of rectangle ratio on MBTI personality types.Art and Design Review,3(03), 69.

To his coy mistress by Andrew Marvell and Twickenham Garden by John Donne Essay Example For Students

To his coy mistress by Andrew Marvell and Twickenham Garden by John Donne Essay The two poems I am going to discuss are metaphysical poems by two metaphysical poets. They are To his coy mistress by Andrew Marvell and Twickenham Garden by John Donne. The metaphysical movement reacted against the pastoral poems of the 17th century. The poetry of Donne and Marvell uses modern images of the time to express ideas about real and physical love as well as the spiritual side. In this poem Andrew Marvell expresses his feelings about love and time by showing how he wants to make love physically with his mistress before time runs out or before they get too old. At the beginning of the poem, lines 1-4 Andrew is saying that there is not enough time and he finds this shy lady indecisiveness annoying and irritating. Later on in the forthcoming lines he writes, We will write a custom essay on To his coy mistress by Andrew Marvell and Twickenham Garden by John Donne specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Thou by the Indian Ganges side Shoust rubies find, I by the tide Of Humber would complain. In these lines he is comparing her in an exotic picture of being in India finding rubies and him by the river Humber. This also shows that if this happened he could accept it, as time does not apply to him. Also to travel to India would have taken years in the 17th century. Marvell would complain but he could put up with it because time would not need to be considered. This shows that he finds her really rich and important to be able to travel to India and he is left in Hull alone by the river. This is a good way to contrast between the two pictures. In the following three lines he is implying that if he had infinite time they could love each other forever. He uses the exaggerations of time to create a bigger impact for a flattery effect. For example he compares the length of time with the conversion of the Jews. Jews will never take place therefore representing an immeasurable amount of time. In the following couple of lines he is metaphysically comparing his love for the lady as a Vegetable love. He is saying that his love is still growing stronger. In lines 13-18 Andrew, has gone back to saying if he had an unlimited amount of time what he would do. He wants to spend the time gazing upon the lady, looking at various parts of her body. The poem also states the part of the body he is most interested in. Two hundred to adore each breast And the last age should show your heart Following on in the last two lines in the first verse. He is says, For, lady, you deserve this state, Nor would I love you at a lower rate He is expressing to the lady that she deserves this treatment that he wants to give her. But really he means the opposite, he is trying to fast track, to win her over so that she will sleep with him. In the second part of Andrews argument he creates an effect by personifying time. Times wingà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½d chariot hurrying near He says that he can always hear and feel time running out quickly. Andrew changes the direction of his argument, so he is lacking time. This explains why he wants their relationship to develop at a quicker rate. In lines 23 and 24 he sees his afterlife, when he is dead. All he can see is a dull boring place. Andrew use a metaphor to emphasise his picture of his after life. Deserts of vast eternity .u5ade90c96f5dbee64c7ecf2ce42bf0e6 , .u5ade90c96f5dbee64c7ecf2ce42bf0e6 .postImageUrl , .u5ade90c96f5dbee64c7ecf2ce42bf0e6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5ade90c96f5dbee64c7ecf2ce42bf0e6 , .u5ade90c96f5dbee64c7ecf2ce42bf0e6:hover , .u5ade90c96f5dbee64c7ecf2ce42bf0e6:visited , .u5ade90c96f5dbee64c7ecf2ce42bf0e6:active { border:0!important; } .u5ade90c96f5dbee64c7ecf2ce42bf0e6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5ade90c96f5dbee64c7ecf2ce42bf0e6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5ade90c96f5dbee64c7ecf2ce42bf0e6:active , .u5ade90c96f5dbee64c7ecf2ce42bf0e6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5ade90c96f5dbee64c7ecf2ce42bf0e6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5ade90c96f5dbee64c7ecf2ce42bf0e6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5ade90c96f5dbee64c7ecf2ce42bf0e6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5ade90c96f5dbee64c7ecf2ce42bf0e6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5ade90c96f5dbee64c7ecf2ce42bf0e6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5ade90c96f5dbee64c7ecf2ce42bf0e6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5ade90c96f5dbee64c7ecf2ce42bf0e6 .u5ade90c96f5dbee64c7ecf2ce42bf0e6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5ade90c96f5dbee64c7ecf2ce42bf0e6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Public poetry as opposed to confessional verse? EssayThe word Desert suggests an empty and a difficult place to go, the above quote emphasises the time that a dead person will have. He develops his argument in the next five lines. He talks about when she dies all her beauty will be gone and nobody with her, telling her how pretty she is. The climax of his argument is when he tells her the honour she is trying to keep is worthless. The poem tells her that when she dies, the worms in the ground will take her virginity and her honour away from her. Worms shall try That long preserved virginity, And your quaint honour turn to dust In the last two lines Andrew makes a humorous joke, he expresses that although the graves a private place but, they cant make love in the grave. This rhyme defuses the image the reader has just been given. In the concluding part of this poem, Andrew clarifies what he wants them to do now. He starts by describing in lines 33-36 that while they are still young and still have passion they should make love now, rather than waiting till their, Instant fires to die out. Andrew uses the words instant fires to describe their immediate passion they have. In the next four lines he tells her, when they make love, it should be physical. He uses the image of amorous birds making love as an example of what they should be doing. In addition to this they should be hungry for each other. and must not be wasting time, Rather at once our time devour Than languish in his slow-chapt power The quotes provide a powerful image of his ideas of power and passion. He continues the argument in the next four lines by suggesting they should make love some more. He also uses an effective metaphor to describe how he needs to break her down. Thorough the iron gates of life The last two lines conclude the poem. Andrew uses personification of the sun to say they cannot make the sun stop, for example they cannot stop time but they still can use the lime left to do what they intended to do. So in this way it is an equivalent to beating time. In the next poem, John uses unrequited love. This means the love is not returned, for example the woman he loves does not love him back. In the beginning of the first verse he expresses the extent of his sad feelings by using such effective adjectives. Blasted with sighs, and surrounded with tears John is sad because his love does not love him, he has come to the garden to find peace and a new start. He also states that using his senses the garden sooths him and cures everything apart from his love still does not love him back. And at mine eyes, and at mine ears, Receive such blames, as else cure everything In lines 5-7, John explains that he is trapped within his love. He uses the image of a spiders web to describe his feelings. He feels that this spiders love changes everything good he possesses in to bad disgusting things. The spider love, which transubstantiates all, And can convert manna to gall. In the last two lines in the first verse he describes he garden as true paradise, referring to the Garden of Eden and he has brought the serpent into the garden. In verse 2, lines 1-3, the words winter, benefit and frost creates a reflective mood and reminds us of death. John uses these words because he feels sadness, that everything he is connected to turns to frost, lifeless. In line 4, a metaphysical technique is used, it is called Metaphysical conceit this is used to emphasis how humiliated he feels. The first 4 lines creates the mood of sadness and loneliness. In line 6 John has capitalized Love he does this because he personifies it. He used love as if it was a person who is in charge of him. John expresses his feelings to love, asking love for peace. .u0414b967285333328f95f5f5975c2b42 , .u0414b967285333328f95f5f5975c2b42 .postImageUrl , .u0414b967285333328f95f5f5975c2b42 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0414b967285333328f95f5f5975c2b42 , .u0414b967285333328f95f5f5975c2b42:hover , .u0414b967285333328f95f5f5975c2b42:visited , .u0414b967285333328f95f5f5975c2b42:active { border:0!important; } .u0414b967285333328f95f5f5975c2b42 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0414b967285333328f95f5f5975c2b42 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0414b967285333328f95f5f5975c2b42:active , .u0414b967285333328f95f5f5975c2b42:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0414b967285333328f95f5f5975c2b42 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0414b967285333328f95f5f5975c2b42 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0414b967285333328f95f5f5975c2b42 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0414b967285333328f95f5f5975c2b42 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0414b967285333328f95f5f5975c2b42:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0414b967285333328f95f5f5975c2b42 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0414b967285333328f95f5f5975c2b42 .u0414b967285333328f95f5f5975c2b42-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0414b967285333328f95f5f5975c2b42:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Poetry of World War I EssayLove let mee, Some senslesse peece of this place bee; Following in lines 7-8 there is a tone of depression, the tone is achieved by the long sentence structure and is also helped by the onomatopoeia, groane. Make me a mandrake, so I may groane here, Or a stone fountaine weeping out my year. Continuing his argument in lines 1-4 in the 3rd verse he says that the lovers come, to his fountain and take his tears which represents true love. Then he says to taste his tears and their partners tears and taste hem, if the partners tears dont taste like his then her live is not true. In the next two line the tone changes from bitterness to being forthright sounding. John achieves this tone by addressing directly, he is being bold and honest. The effects are strong, getting his warning about what he thinks of women through clearly. Alas, hearts do not in eyes shine, Nor can you more judge womans thoughts by tears, In the last two lines John repeats the words true and truth 3 times. This constructs an effective emphasis of what he feels. He explains that he that she is already married and truthful to her husband, therefore she cannot return his love. These two poems showed different aspects of love in different perspectives. Out of the two poems I preferred Twickenham Garden. I preferred this poem because of its effective use of metaphors and adjectives, with brings the poem to life. Throughout poem the tempo changes as well giving it even more excitement and feel. I fought these aspects made the poem more moving and interesting.